Sabina
Bernard

Teaching:
Course:
Painting
First level
Second level
Painting
Teaching programme

Introduction
The course is structured across multiple levels, leading to the development of an independent and original language.
In order to develop a personal aesthetic, it will be necessary to progress in parallel through practical work, accompanied by an analysis of the results to understand their meaning. This will take time, but what I want to make very clear from the outset is that our aim is not to reproduce what is seen, but what is not seen.
The shadow behind things, making your vision sensitive – with your eyes closed but wide open – to glimpses of perception. So, I repeat: the aim of this course is not to achieve technical proficiency in reproducing reality or likeness, but rather to refuse to be satisfied with this in favour of the enigma of the image.
This is a complex subject, and we will explore why together. However, I believe that allowing space for ‘open’ expressions is a way of posing questions without providing the viewer with answers. They are an invitation to unknown places. They compel us to ‘dwell on’ and ‘coexist with’ rather than to ‘know’ out of prejudice and to engage in sterile recognition for the sake of self-affirmation.
Thinking in figural rather than ‘figurative’ terms, with a preference for the dissimilar, means thinking outside the dominant way of thinking, thinking for oneself. Therefore, it is perfectly acceptable to get lost along the way, to go through periods of great uncertainty, to be prepared to confront the crisis of the painting, risking failure and ‘losing’ it, in search of a new syntax that is entirely inherent to its logic.

On this point, we will need to do a great deal of work to dismantle preconceptions, which are widespread flaws that often creep into the search for sources. We will move away from certain school and academic stereotypes (beautiful oil paintings at all costs – whether 17th- or 19th-century; pre-packaged Pinterest images; illustration, a language very different from painting; the slavish execution of a theme; manga; or anatomy textbooks).

With my help, you will endeavour to discover and create first- and second-level sources for yourselves, and then use them for your own genuine purposes. In order to truly understand how the construction of pictorial language works.

Theoretical lecture: presentation of topics, texts, artists, readings, in-depth explorations
To develop a deeper, reasoned awareness, I propose starting the week with a theoretical lecture: through the analysis of art criticism essays (or artist’s books), screenings, readings, and discussions that will also include external speakers, we will address topics related to aesthetics and philosophy, always with the aim of gaining a thorough understanding of what a work of art is, what it is not, and how to approach it conceptually and concretely.
Each year, I set a compulsory reading for the exam, which you can choose from two options that will be explained over the course of the semester.
Last year, the choice was between ‘Le due vie’ by Cesare Brandi and ‘Il Bagno di Diana’ by Pierre Klossowski.
This year, I am proposing four core themes around which the lectures will be structured:

  • Forces rather than forms:
    Gilles Deleuze: ‘Sulla Pittura – Corso marzo giugno 1981’, D. Lapoujade (ed.), Einaudi editore, Turin 2024;
    ‘Francis Bacon: The Logic of Sensation’
    Paul Klee: ‘Creative Confession’

  • The Eye and Vision:
    Merleau-Ponty: “L’occhio e lo spirito”
    Jacques Derrida: ‘Pensare al non vedere’
  • The Dissimilar:
    Georges Didi-Huberman: ‘Beato Angelico, figure del dissimile’
    Gregorio Botta: “Pollock e Rothko – Il gesto e il respiro”, Einaudi Editore, Turin, 2020
  • Imagination, material and individuation:
    Gaston Bachelard: “La poétique de la rêverie”
    ‘L’aria e i sogni’
    ‘Frammenti per una poetica del fuoco’
    Emma Jung: ‘Animus and Anima’

In addition to these works, we will also explore a wide range of artists in depth, including in the context of this year’s exhibitions, with a particular focus on Beato Angelico, Odilon Redon, and Victor Hugo’s drawings and ink wash illustrations. These artists and works are vastly different in terms of both time and style.
My task will be to ‘listen’ to you individually – each student is an island unto themselves – and to gradually point you towards references and further insights.
Depending on their own sensibilities and inclinations, each student will be offered a framework of references from visual culture, which can serve as both a point of reference and a basis for further exploration.
There are no restrictions on the choice of artistic language that students ultimately adopt, provided it is underpinned by genuine research, both on an individual and a formal level.
To gradually become capable of critically evaluating one’s own work, of understanding when to let chance dictate the course of events, and of knowing how and to what extent to correct, resolve and conclude. Finding one’s own signature style, which is unique and takes into account our limitations (sometimes, it is precisely these that set us apart), and learning how to enhance our strengths.

  • We will host professional curators and painters in the classroom, who will present their working methods to us.
  • In addition to the usual introduction to the preparation of supports, we will host a conservator for a participatory demonstration of paper relining, so that you can learn how to mount paper onto canvas and become even more independent.
  • Over the course of the semester, 20–30 educational outings will be organised outside class hours to visit contemporary art foundations and galleries together: the Gagosian Gallery, Monitor, Magazzino, Matèria, the Anna Marra Gallery, Francesca Antonini Arte Contemporanea, Lorcan O’Neill, Alessandra and Valentina Bonomo, Studio Sales, the Giuliani Foundation, etc.
    We will also visit more peripheral spaces, new galleries or artists’ co-working spaces, such as Spazio in situ, Condotto 48, Rione Placido, Varsi, Ala 34, Cosmo, Castro and Interzone.
    It is impossible and pointless to list them all; the programme changes every year and depends on many factors.
  • The models will pose for just two consecutive weeks, in pairs for a long pose, which is entirely optional, and will be placed within a composition. This exercise should be taken for what it is: a preparatory, conceptual exercise to help students gain control over the construction of the entire composition (this requires a clear decision and the ability to synthesise). This will only account for a small part of the course; you will be encouraged to seek out your own style, your own signature, your own atmosphere. You will be able to translate reality in an infinite number of ways, through marks and brushstrokes, without seeking out pre-packaged aesthetic formulas or nostalgic reworkings of times gone by.
  • A wide range of catalogues and monographs will be offered and made available to students throughout the entire course. These will be available in the classroom for consultation. From Piero della Francesca to William Kentridge, from Chaim Soutine to Anselm Kiefer, from Kitaj to Foujita, from Art Brut to Kiki Smith.

Examination format
The examination will be preceded by two compulsory revision sessions, in which all students will participate together, one in the middle of the semester and one at the end. The assessment criteria for the exam will be attendance, the merit of the student’s personal research, the quality of their work, their participation in the proposed activities, and their understanding of the text chosen as the compulsory reading.
– In agreement with the lecturer, each student will choose their own poetic approach, a topic or a field they feel comfortable with, and will develop it into a series of final works, which may be accompanied by sketches and preparatory studies demonstrating a well-thought-out creative process and an original style.
– There are no restrictions, either in terms of expressive form or medium (painting per se / mixed media / collage or other), nor in terms of experimenting with a wide range of materials.

About
Reading list

COMPULSORY READING
One text of the student’s choice

  • DELEUZE, Gilles, Sulla Pittura, corso marzo-giugno 1981, D. Lapoujade (ed.), Piccola Biblioteca
    Einaudi, Turin 2024
  • BOTTA, Gregorio, Pollock e Rothko il gesto e il respiro, Stile Libero series, Einaudi, Turin 2020

We will read excerpts from the following texts in class. The main purpose of this reading list is to provide you with the publishing details should you become interested in a particular theme, artist or writer and wish to explore it further.

WRITINGS
Literature and Non-Fiction

  • BACHELARD, Gaston, La poetica della rêverie, Dedalo Libri, Bari, 1972;
    L’intuizione dell’istante – La psicanalisi del fuoco, Dedalo Libri, Bari 2009;
    L’aria e i sogni o Psicanalisi dell’aria – L’ascesa e la caduta, Red Edizioni, 2007;
  • BRODSKIJ, Iosif, Fondamenta degli incurabili, Adelphi Edizioni, Milan 1991

  • BERGSON, Henri, An Essay on the Immediate Data of Consciousness, Raffaello Cortina Editore, Milan 2002
  • BERENSON, Bernard, Piero della Francesca – or of Non-Eloquent Art, Edizioni Abscondita, Milan 2007
    BRANDI, Cesare, Le due vie, M. Carboni (ed.), La nave di Teseo Edizioni, Milan 2023
    CARBONI, Massimo, Filosofia dell’ombra, Edizioni Jaca Book, Milan 2025
    CIMATTI, Felice, Cose – per una filosofia del reale, Bollati Boringhieri Editore, Turin, 2018

  • DELEUZE, Gilles, Francis Bacon, Logica della sensazione, Edizioni Quodilibet, Macerata, 1995
  • DERRIDA, Jacques, Pensare al non vedere, scritti sulle arti del visibile, Editoriale Jaca Book, Milan, 2020
    DIDEROT, Denis, Letter on the Blind for the Benefit of Those Who See, New Digital Frontiers, Palermo, 2016
    Didi-Huberman, Georges, Beato Angelico, Figure del Dissimile, Edizioni Abscondita, Carte d’artisti series No. 109, Milan, 2009
    d’artisti No. 109, Milan 2009

    GAMBAZZI, Paolo, L’occhio e il suo inconscio, Raffaele Cortina Editore, Milan 1999

  • JULLIEN, François, La grande immagine non ha forma, Angelo Colla Editore, Vicenza, 2004
  • NOVELLI, Gastone, Scritti ’43–’68, edited by P. Bonani, Edizioni NERO, Rome, 2019
    PASQUALOTTO, Giangiorgio, Estetica del vuoto – arte e meditazione nelle culture d’Oriente, Marsilio Editore, Venice, 1992
    PETIT, Philippe, Trattato di funambolismo, foreword by Paul Auster, Punte alle Grazie, Milan, 1999

  • REDON, Odillon, To Himself, Edizioni Abscondita, Carte d’Artisti series No. 47, Milan, 2004
  • ROTHKO, Mark, Scritti, Edizioni Abscondita, Milan 2002
    SCHWOB, Marcel, Vite immaginarie, Ed. Adelphi, Milan, 1972

    TRIONE, Vincenzo, Prologo Celeste, nell’atelier di Anselm Kiefer, Giulio Einaudi Editore, Turin 2023
    TURA, Adolfo, Breve storia delle macchie sui muri – veggenza e anti-veggenza in Jean Dubuffet e altro
    Novecento, Johan & Levi Editore, 2020

    VANZAGO Luca, Leggere Il visibile e l’invisibile di Merleau-Ponty, Edizioni Ibis, Pavia 2020

CATALOGUES and MONOGRAPHS
There are a large number of catalogues, which will be presented in class according to each student’s interests but for everyone’s use. They will span the ages, from Giovanni Bellini to Anselm Kiefer, from Fausto Pirandello to Kiki Smith. There will also be Picasso, as well as Bonnard, Savinio, Cornell, Maria Lai, De Kooning, Zoran Music and Blu, in an effort to understand their work, the reasons behind their creations, and their poetics.

Contacts:
Contattami per email:
s.bernard@abaroma.it